Health

This is part of a series of posts from MIT students and alumni who were involved in the 2012 Student/Alumni Externship Program, which connects current students to alumni in workplaces worldwide during MIT’s Independent Activities Period. Alumni, learn how to get involved.

Guest blogger: Priyanka Saha ’14
Host: Dr. Ofer Jacobowitz ’88

Dr. Jacobowitz and Priyanka dressed for surgery in the OR.

Dr. Jacobowitz & Priyanka dressed for surgery in the OR.

It’s been a month of firsts. First time in New York. First time riding past the concrete giants of Manhattan and seeing the bright lights of Times Square. First time shadowing a doctor in a private practice. First time observing surgical procedures in the OR. As with any firsts, these last few weeks have been an incredible journey of new learning and even some self-discovery.

I spent my externship shadowing Dr. Ofer Jacobowitz at Hudson Valley Ear, Nose, & Throat (HVENT) in Middletown, New York. Dr. Jacobowitz is an otolaryngologist (ENT doctor) and sees patients for health issues ranging anywhere from allergies and sinus trouble to head and neck cancers. One day a week, he performs surgeries in the OR. Dr. J also specializes in sleep medicine, seeing patients for problems such as obstructive sleep apnea, and he is associate director of the sleep center on the office’s ground floor. Not only that, but he also serves as faculty at Mount Sinai, NYU, and Columbia and is a member of several medical associations and boards across the nation. Oh, and did I also mention he is fluent in Hebrew, French, and Spanish and practices martial arts? Yeah, Dr. J is pretty incredible to say the least, and I feel so privileged to have had the chance to get to know him.

From the very first day, I was graciously allowed to hop on board and see patients with the doctor. Over the course of the externship, I sat (and stood) through hours of appointments with patients of all ages (from two to 98), personalities, and symptoms (allergies, earaches, bloody noses, hearing loss, narcolepsy, and severe cancers of the thyroid, throat, and ear). I tried to absorb as much as I could. Dr. Jacobowitz is a fantastic teacher, and I learned more about the ear, nose, and throat and about sleep disorders than I ever expected to during the externship. I was witness to countless examinations with an endoscopic telescope that lets you see deep inside the nose and throat; my favorite was getting to actually see someone’s vocal cords in action under a strobe light as the patient said “eeeeee’’!

Priyanka, Dr. Jacobowitz, and staff members at Hudson Valley Ear, Nose, & Throat, who surprised  Priyanka with a cake on her last day.

Priyanka, Dr. Jacobowitz, and staff members at Hudson Valley Ear, Nose, & Throat, who surprised Priyanka with a cake on her last day.

On two days of my externship, I followed Dr. Jacobowitz into the operating room to observe surgery. It was truly an unforgettable experience. I got a little too excited during the first surgery I observed and almost fainted! Apparently it’s natural (called the vaso-vagal reflex), especially when observing medical procedures. After a few tasty snacks from the staff lounge, a drink of water, and some ice on my neck, I jumped back in and was fine for the rest of the day. Altogether I saw a tonsillectomy, several septoplasties (nasal surgeries to improve the airway through the nose), a complete thyroidectomy (neck dissection to remove a huge thyroid), and an endoscopic procedure in the throat to improve someone’s ability to swallow. Surgery is definitely nerve-wracking and stressful, both for the surgeon and the patient (and anyone observing, like me!), but it’s also extremely precise and careful, especially in the hands of someone like Dr. Jacobowitz. He calls surgery “controlled trauma.”

Shadowing Dr. Jacobowitz gave me a lot of medical knowledge to absorb, but more important is what I learned from his personality and just being with him. “You’re learning from the best,” his patients told me over and over again. His staff love him too because he is so down to earth and such a terrific teacher. “Dr. J was born to teach,” they say. Whether I was listening to him explain something or just watching him do his job, Dr. Jacobowitz had something to teach me. He showed me what it truly means to be compassionate to others. He demonstrated that a good doctor is the one who listens and spends as much time with a patient as the patient needs even if it means running behind schedule and hoping that the next patient will understand and forgive him for the wait.

“Communication is key to being a doctor, and most diagnoses can be made just by listening carefully to someone,” he told me once. I learned from him what it means to weather the difficulties and remain calm and composed in the midst of stress, fatigue, difficult surgery, or even difficult patients (and we saw a few of those, too). He showed me that being a busy doctor with a thousand important things to do shouldn’t stop you from pausing to answer someone’s question or greet people passing by with a smile and “How are you doing?” I also learned that work is important but so is a balanced life—whether that means spending time with family, practicing martial arts with his son, or listening to his ’80s favorites on the radio.

It’s hard to express and quantify the experience I had shadowing Dr. Jacobowitz at HVENT, and this blog post doesn’t do it justice, but I hope it gives a glimpse. Before signing off, I’d like to sincerely thank the coordinators of the MIT Externship Program, the host family I was staying with in Middletown, all the patients whose hands I shook and who wished me good luck, everyone at HVENT and ORMC, and—last but definitely not least—Dr. Jacobowitz for all the hospitality and care I was shown during a truly eye-opening and unforgettable IAP.

I said goodbye to New York on my way to JFK International Airport, but who knows—maybe someday life will lead me back to Middletown and HVENT?

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MIT Faculty Forum Online logo

Update: View a video of the presentation.

More than a billion people worldwide lack access to clean drinking water. Sea water is one possible solution. But current methods of desalination are expensive, energy intensive, and require infrastructure not usually available in areas most in need of it.

Tune in to hear how MIT Mechanical Engineering Professor John Lienhard P’15, who is also the director of the Center for Clean Water and Clean Energy at MIT and King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, applies basic science and engineering to address this problem.

Lienhard will offer his thoughts and take questions from the worldwide MIT alumni community via video chat on Thursday, Feb. 2, from Noon to 12:30 p.m. ET.

Register for this free event to receive the link for live viewing. After the event, come back here and continue the conversation in the comments.

John Lienhard. Photo: Len Rubenstein.

John Lienhard. Photo by Len Rubenstein.

About John Lienhard

John Lienhard P’15 is a professor of mechanical engineering at MIT as well as the director of the Center for Clean Water and Clean Energy at MIT and King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals.

He earned his BS and MS in chemical, nuclear, and thermal engineering at the University of California, Los Angeles and a PhD in fluid dynamics from the University of California, San Diego.

His research interests include desalination, water supply, energy, heat and mass transfer, fluid mechanics, convective transport, extremely high heat fluxes, and electronics thermal management.

Learn more in this Spectrum article—Drinkable Water for All.

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Xconomy has MIT roots. Before starting the business and technology news organization, many key staffers worked and/or graduated from MIT (see below). Their output includes a news website with localized blogs in six major cities, events, and a regular Friday morning update on Boston’s WGBH radio. You can also sign up for their RSS feed or newsletters.

Xconomy online and on air.

Xconomy online and on air.

What stories do they cover? Startups, life sciences, health IT, and clean tech are interest areas. Recent stories include an interview with the CEO of Paris-based biotech giant Sanofi, survey results on tech managers’ salaries for 2011, and Morgenthaler Ventures investments in the fast-growing Silicon Valley startup Evernote.

Localized blogs hail from Boston, Detroit, New York, San Francisco, and Seattle. Learn about new social media research expansion at Microsoft Research New England (Boston); Walk Score, an online service that ranks rental properties, cities, and neighborhoods by how pedestrian-friendly they are (Seattle); and funding progress for the Kalamazoo, MI-based startup Axonia Medical (Detroit).

Who is Xconomy? Founder Robert Buderi was a research fellow in MIT’s Center for International Studies and served as editor in chief of MIT’s Technology Review, which also published these folks: Cofounder, COO, Executive Editor Rebecca Zacks worked in an MIT neuroscience lab and was a Knight Science Journalism Fellow at MIT. Wade Roush PhD ’94 is chief correspondent and editor of Xconomy’s San Francisco bureau. Gregory T. Huang SM ’02, PhD ’99 is national IT editor and editor of Xconomy Boston. Luke Timmerman, a former MIT Knight fellow, is the national biotechnology editor and editor of Xconomy Seattle.

Keep your ear tuned to innovation news at Xconomy.

 

 

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The U.S. population of persons 65 years or older numbered 39.6 million in 2009 and is expected to increase to 72.1 million by 2030. Coupled with falling birth rates and lengthening age expectancies, the U.S. population is rapidly aging.

For engineers and designers, this creates design challenges that didn’t previously exist with younger populations. Existing and developing products may need to be altered to cater to the older demographic.

Thanks to MIT’s Agelab, young designers may be better equipped to understand the needs of their aging clients. Under the direction of Joe Coughlin, Agelab has created AGNES (Age Gain Now Empathy System), a suit designed to approximate the motor, visual, flexibility, dexterity, and strength of a person in their mid-70s.

AGNES simulates a gerontological atmosphere in retail, public transportation, and workplace environments. Braces and bands mimic joint stiffness and muscular fatigue. Leg straps create slower leg movements, and helmet attachments give the wearer an age-induced curved spine. Yellow eyeglasses make it difficult to read small print, and earplugs simulate difficulty with sounds and tones.

MIT Research Fellow Rozanne Puleo told Fastcodesign.com:

“We’ve suited up students and taken them to the grocery store to purchase foods with low sugar, low sodium, and low fat—foods commonly purchased by older adults. They found that it was very challenging to locate these items on the shelf. That’s valuable information that we can take back to organizations.”

Part of the Engineering Systems Division, MIT AgeLab works to transform technologies into practical solutions that improve how products are designed and services are delivered. In addition to AGNES, the AgeLab has created AwareCar (a vehicle that monitors driver state); Miss Daisy (a driving simulator used for evaluating cognitive distraction and the effects of disease and medication); and Miss Rosie (a Volkswagen Beetle that evaluates a driver’s capacity for vehicle operation), among others.

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Image: Ming-Zher Poh

For most people, heart rate monitors are simple devices strapped to the chest that records a heartbeat’s measurements in real-time. But for some populations–like burn victims or infants–chest straps can be burdensome and painful.

In 2009, doctoral candidates Ming-Zher Poh (SM’07, EECS) and Daniel McDuff sought to change this. Today, their invention, Cardiocam, is a non-contact device that can measure heart rate using a patient’s owns web cam, a cell phone camera, or even a mirror.

Popular Science Magazine named Cardiocam one of the ten best inventions of 2011, and it won a $50,000 award from the Center for Integration of Medicine and Innovative Technology.

From Popular Science:

“When your hear beats, it sends a pulse of blood through your blood vessels. Blood absorbs light, so when more of it travels through the vessels, less of the light hitting your skin is reflected. A webcam can pick up those small fluctuations in reflected light, Poh says, and a computer program can translate that data into a heart-rate reading.”

Part of the Media Lab’s Affective Computing group, Poh and McDuff worked with their advisor, Affective Computing group head Rosalind Picard, and developed an algorithm that separates small fluctuations in the heart rate’s light pattern from other reflected light captured by a webcam and wrote code that processes the data in real time. Previous research used a high-resolution camera, but the ability to use a web cam or cell phone makes virtually any computer or smart phone a heart rate monitor.

Similar technology could be applied to a bathroom mirror, using a wireless webcam installed behind the mirror. Such a mirror is on display at the Media Lab and can get accurate readings from three people in the camera’s view at the same time.

Poh has plans to commercialize the product in 2012, and envisions the Cardiocam eventually measuring respiratory rate and blood-oxygen saturation.

For more information, view the video demonstration on the Popular Science website or visit the Affective Computing group web page.

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MIT research is often quite practical. And just in time for the influenza season, we have a new study that will help each of us stop the dreaded flu virus before it makes us sick.

Wash your hands to prevent the flu.

#1 suggestion to prevent the flu: wash your hands!

Even though there are now some helpful vaccines, the best barrier to sickness is prevention, according to a pair of MIT researchers who have identified specific practices you can employ to avoid the dreaded bug.

Professor Richard Larson ’65, EE ’67, SM ’67, PhD ’69 and Senior Research Scientist Stan Finkelstein ’71, both members of MIT’s Engineering Systems Division, reviewed some 40 studies of the effectiveness of various non-pharmaceutical interventions and published their recommendations in the December issue of Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness, an American Medical Association publication.

In brief, here are their recommendations:

Wash your hands thoroughly after leaving a sick person’s room. Scrub with soap and water or an alcohol-based hand sanitizer for 20 to 30 seconds.

Wear a mask. At minimum, the mask prevents a healthy person from transferring a virus to his/her own nose and mouth—the highway to infection.

Install air filters. High-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filters can remove nearly 98 percent of virus particles; portable air purifiers and pointing a window fan out the window of the sickroom can also help.

Control temperature and humidity. Higher temperatures and humidity levels can kill or disable viruses.

Install an ultraviolet light. UV light is antimicrobial, and portable air purifiers with both UV lamps and HEPA filters can be purchased for $180 to $370.

Learn more in the MIT News Office article.

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Guest bloggers: Marisa Simmons ’13 and Steven Pennybaker ’12

EWB Members building prototype tanks. Photo: Steven Pennybaker.

Images this page: Engineers Without Borders members build prototype tanks to aid Ugandan residents. Photos: Steven Pennybaker.

Students from the MIT chapter of Engineers Without Borders (EWB) have helped bring clean, usable water to a remote Ugandan village in an ongoing project that has students and community members working together to achieve the goal.

This past summer, the MIT chapter sent two teams to continue work on rainwater harvesting and alternative energy in Ddegeya, Uganda. This is the third year EWB students have worked in the country, and each year the partnership grows stronger. Last year, a 10,000-liter rainwater harvesting tank was installed in the village. EWB hopes to expand rainwater harvesting in Ddegeya, but in a more economical and sustainable manner. After research and collaboration with other NGOs in the country, EWB decided to pursue a partially underground tank system. This design minimizes the resources and costs associated with the tanks.

In addition to technical design, EWB has worked extensively with the community to develop an acceptable distribution model for the tanks. A Water Projects Board, made up of respected members of the community and established in summer 2010, oversees the existing project and helps EWB work on new endeavors. Initially, local residents were only interested in household tanks, but after discussion about EWB and community resources, Ugandans decided communal tanks would be more effective. Locations were then measured and evaluated.

EWB Members building prototype tanks. Photo: Steven Pennybaker.The different components of the tank, including tank lining, pumps, and first-flush systems were also tested and presented to the community for feedback. Each component was evaluated for ease of manufacture and use.

EWB partnered with students from Uganda’s Makerere University to work with the residents on developing prototypes. While in Ddegeya, this team built both a ferrocement and a clay tank prototype. The ferrocement tank consisted of cement with a steel mesh internal support, while the clay tank was made using local clay. Different types of pumps were also built using materials available in the nearby town of Masaka. The pumps built by the MIT team were significantly cheaper than the consumer water pumps available. Finally, two types of first-flush systems, a way to prevent the dirt from roofs from collecting inside the tank, were also built and tested.

While in Uganda, the MIT-EWB team also determined the best houses to use for rainwater catchment. Dwellings were chosen in terms of roof size, location, and Water Projects Board recommendations. Students spent time getting community feedback in terms of the projects’ cost and benefits to those in Ddegeya.

After all prototypes were made, the students presented them to the community, which provided input as to the usability of the design. The feedback was overwhelmingly positive. Despite more than 6,000 miles separating Ddegeya and MIT, the two communities continue to work together to implement the changes. EWB hopes to travel back to Uganda in January 2012 to implement the designs and build five systems including a 5,000-liter tank, pump, first flush, and gutters.

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Whitehead Institute Founding Member and MIT Professor of Biology Rudolf Jaenisch.  Photo: Sam Ogden/Whitehead Institute

MIT Professor of Biology Rudolf Jaenisch. Photo: Sam Ogden/Whitehead Institute

In a recent issue, Tech Associate News Editor Derek Chang interviewed Professor Rudolf Jaenisch, MIT biology professor and a founding member of the Whitehead Institute, who was recently named by President Obama as one of the seven recipients of the National Medal of Science, the highest honor given by the U.S. government in the fields of science and engineering.

The award honored Jaenisch’s work on epigenetic regulation, the biological processes that affect how genetic information is translated into cell structures without changing the genes themselves.

The interview provides personal notes, including the fact that he went to medical school like his father, but soon turned to experimental science and and molecular biology.

Download the PDF of the Nov. 1 issue of The Tech to read the interview, which starts on the front page.

 

 

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Picard presents her ideas at TED.

Picard presents her ideas at TED.

Social x-ray specs are the newest tool aimed at helping people decipher emotional clues, part of ongoing research by MIT Professor Rosalind Picard SM ’86, ScD ’91, director of the Media Lab’s Affective Computing research group. When linked to software that analyzes some 10,000 facial expressions, these glasses reveal a range of emotions that may be too subtle for most people to detect and nearly impossible for people on the autism spectrum.

Picard got interested in tracking emotional response when she began working with people on the autism spectrum who did not have the ability to speak. So she began studying the sympathetic nervous system, which revs up the body, and the parasympathetic, which signals relaxation. She heard heartbreaking stories about individuals who were forced to leave school or familiar environments because of meltdowns. She found the meltdowns were preceded by a period of agitation—but the individuals could not express it.

“What if we could enable them to signal out their increasing stress and frustration?” Her research group came up with a simple wrist skin sensor that individuals could wear to display their emotional state. This device is now available through her company Affectiva.

“When something really matters, it elicits emotion,” Picard said in a recent TED talk. “And how do we help people communicate emotion to make life better—whether it’s at home, or at work for your customers, or for your kids at school. Our challenge at the Media Lab and Affectiva is to come up with better ways measure and help people communicate emotion.”

Picard, author of award-winning book Affective Computing, heads MIT’s new Autism & Communication Technology Initiative.

 

 

 

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If you’re a person who eats a lot of lunches on the MIT campus, then you probably know your options. There are sit-down restaurants around Central and Kendall, fast food joints in the Student Center and near the MIT bookstore. And then there are the food trucks. One in particular–a big white one usually parked near MIT Medical–is often flush with customers.

It’s the Clover food truck, one of several trucks operated by the Clover Food Lab, which was founded by Ayr Muir ’00, SM ’01.

Muir launched Clover Food Lab in October 2008 and seems to have struck gold. He went from seven employees to 70 in about a year (currently has over 100), and he went from one truck to four–plus a really nice restaurant in Harvard Square–in just a few years. There are plans in the works for a few fast food restaurants, so stay tuned.

This week Muir and the crew of the Kendall Square truck are running what they call “MIT Food Week.” They’re doing demos, tastings, even honing recipes. Today, they’re hosting a tea tasting from 3 p.m. – 5 p.m., and tomorrow (Friday) they’re having “Coffee Tech” from 9 a.m. – 10 a.m.

“Material science and engineering is the best possible preparation to work with food! Seriously, I’ve used a lot of what I learned at MIT,” says Muir. “Building a business is all about problem solving.” In practice, this has led to Muir looking for ways to serve food without relying on traditional livestock farming. His solution is to serve food that is local, just-cut, and vegetarian. “We’re here to make food you love,” says Muir, and his customers seem to agree.

On Twitter, the handle @cloverfoodtruck is peppered with messages:

@cloverfoodtruck is amazing. Love the addition of tempeh!”

@cloverfoodtruck Words are inadequate in an attempt to explain how much I love you. I would that I could hug your whole truck.”

“Super excited to see this @cloverfoodtruck. Btw, squash fritters? OMG. http://lockerz.com/s/120494884

A bonus perk to opening Clover? Muir says, “To my surprise I know more folks in the MIT community (as customers) than I ever did as a student. Too many to list! I probably know 400 people in the Kendall Square area by first name, including friends at Technology Review (Jason, Nathan), Julie (our adopted grandmother), many students, Ruth (our 3-time a day regular who teaches classes), folks at the Model shop, etc. etc.” Even Governor Patrick stopped by the other day.

Check it out for yourself, if you’re interested.

Location and hours are posted here: http://www.cloverfoodlab.com/?page_id=2248

Today’s menu is available here: http://www.cloverpos.com/media/html/menu.html?restaurantId=3

Crowds gather for lunch at the MIT Clover truck on Tuesday. Credit: Liv Gold

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