Design

What if you could deliver power to villages after a tsunami or earthquake by shooting lasers from a drone? Or circulate small drones above a festival site so people could recharge their cell phone batteries from them?

View from the Top - Seattle panelists

Panelists react to a question from moderator John Castle, right.

Four MIT alumni posed these questions, and several others, to each other and to over 100 attendees at last week’s View from the Top event, held at Seattle’s Pacific Science Center.

The June 13 panel brought together five alumni from different decades and disciplines for “Reinventing the World,” a conversation about their work with technology and its delivery around the world.

Asking those tough questions about lasers was Thomas Nugent SM ’99, founder of LaserMotive, who won a 2009 NASA competition to deliver power wirelessly to robotic vehicles. Margaret Orth SM ’93, PhD ’01, founder of International Fashion Machines, presented some of her work that integrated fashion and wearable technology. Cliff Schmidt ’93 displayed the Talking Book that he developed as founder and head of Literacy Bridge, which delivers basic educational technology to developing communities. Yun-Ling Wong ’04, a senior program officer at the Gates Foundation, addressed the challenges of mediating the demands of both developed and developing countries in finding solutions to global problems.

John Castle ’61, ScD ’64, a lecturer in entrepreneurship at the University of Washington, moderated the discussion, organized by MIT’s Office of Alumni Education.

The Seattle event gave attendees, who ranged from veteran Puget Sound Club members to young alums to prospective students and friends, a lively discussion among four professionals who are passionate about what they do. It also offered attendees ample time for questions, whether during the cocktail hour beforehand, the panel itself, or the desert reception afterward.

Even the panelists took turns reflecting on each other’s work.

After hearing from Nugent and narrating her own journey through wearable computing  via an IMAX screen in the theater, Maggie Orth described her new ideas on technological minimalism. “I am from MIT, so I am not a Luddite,” she said. “It’s not necessarily less technology that I want, but smarter technology.”

After hearing about Schmidt’s Talking Book, which has improved health and agriculture benchmarks for illiterate populations in Ghana by as much as 100%, Ling Wong explained just how hard such a project is for ambitious non-profits in the United States who want to affect the world.

“All lives have equal value, and technology can help us get there, but how we actually save lives is much more complicated,” said Wong. “Technology [can’t work] without advocacy, without government support, and without understanding a culture…the problems we’re trying to solve are hard ones…and it takes many sorts of people to make this happen.”

Castle, who introduced each panelist, remarked how all four alumni have essentially sought to answer one question through their work: How can technology change people’s behavior?

“For them, it’s not just about the technology, it’s about all of the things technology does and how it affects people in one way or another. Technology influences people’s choices, but in some ways it can push them in directions they may not want to go.”

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Artwork by the MIT Glass Lab (Screenshot via MIT News)

Artwork by the MIT Glass Lab (Screenshot via MIT News)

MIT is a few days removed from Commencement and Tech Reunions activities and the campus is noticeably quieter. But if there’s any worry about a lack of Institute events to partake in—fear not!

A great example of summer fare is GlassBoston, a four-day event co-organized by the MIT Glass Lab that begins on Thursday, June 13. The event includes glass-blowing lectures, exhibitions, and workshops featuring MIT faculty and alumni.

The MIT Glass Lab, which is connected with the Department of Materials Science and Engineering, is advised by Professor Michael Cima, whose lecture at the conference, “Shape Matters,” will discuss the unique qualities of glass from a materials science perspective.

Other MIT-related demonstrations at GlassBoston include:

  • Photo: MIT Glass Lab

    Photo: MIT Glass Lab

    “Folding Glass,” which features Professor Erik Demaine and visiting scientist Martin Demaine (both accomplished origami artists), who will discuss their work in the mixed media of paper and glass, their folding glass experiments, and “Virtual Glass,” their open-source software program for glass blowers. (The Demaines will also participate in a demonstration on Friday, June 14.)

  • “CAD and Rapid Prototyping for the Modern Glass Artist,” which features a panel including postdoctoral associate Kenneth Cheung SM ’07, PhD ’12 that will discuss CAD (computer-aided design), prototyping technologies, and associated software.

The conference will also feature demonstrations in the Glass Lab and tours of the MIT Media Lab and its public art collection.


[Watch another video, "MIT Glass Lab: Where art meets science," from the MIT News Office.]

A Glass Lab pumpkin (Photo: MIT News)

A Glass Lab pumpkin (Photo: MIT News)

The Glass Lab, which serves as an extracurricular activity on campus, is located in the basement of the Infinite Corridor. It offers numerous classes and events to the MIT community, including the Transcultural Exchange, a collaborative glass tile project with other universities, and the Great Glass Pumpkin Patch, an annual fall event that showcases more than 1,000 glass-blown pumpkins in the Kresge Oval.

The lab’s 11-person staff includes Cima and four MIT alums: Whitney Cornforth ’01, SM ’01; Chris Laughman ’99, MEng ’01, PhD ’08; Sandy Martin SM ’93; and Michelle Trammel ’89.

In addition to the Glass Lab and Media Lab, GlassBoston’s events will also take place in 10-250, the Bush Room, and the MIT Museum. The conference will also feature demonstrations by accomplished glass artists Rik and Shelley Allen, Pablo Soto, Deborah Czeresko, and Wesley Fleming.

Registration, which is $60, is available on the GlassBoston site and in Lobby 10 between 8 a.m. and noon on June 13. The lectures in room 10-250 are open and free with an MIT identification card.

Bonus: Check out an MIT Glass Lab photo essay by Andrea Silverman ’05.

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Thad Starner

Thad Starner

As a student at MIT, Thad Starner ’91, SM ’95, PhD ’99 longed for cyborg eyes like the Terminator had—but only to make studying easier. Now, Starner is the technical lead and manager on Google’s Project Glass, and he has been using a wearable computer in his everyday life for 20 years. In a half-hour talk before a screening of Terminator 2 at the Coolidge Corner Theatre, Starner cited his experience seeing the film as an MIT sophomore as a partial inspiration for his future work.

“For me, note-taking was the number one reason of having a wearable computer and having this head-up display,” Starner explained to the packed house at the Coolidge on May 20, 2013. “Not very sexy, is it?”

Starner found it difficult to remember his professors’ lectures, but he also found his own handwriting impossible to read. “Believe it or not, back then, MIT professors often would not allow notebooks in class because the typing was too distracting,” Starner explained.

So, Starner began to use an early wearable computer, supplemented by a Twiddler, a small keyboard designed for one-handed use.

A handful of Starner’s fellow MIT friends caught on to wearable computing as well, but not just in class. Some used their headsets to communicate during hacks.

“One of the guys was hacking around on the Great Dome one night, and some campus policeman came by and scared away his spotter. He couldn’t call the elevator. So, he’s on top of the Great Dome—this is 1996—and he’s sending messages out saying, ‘Help, somebody send up an elevator, I’m stuck on the Great Dome.’ The people on the Athena terminals—remember, there were no mobile phones, no mobile smartphones, laptops barely existed—people on the Athena terminals said, ‘Ha, ha—if you’re on the Great Dome, how can you be typing this?’

This scene from Terminator 2, which shows the Terminator's augmented reality display, inspired Starner's later work.

This scene from Terminator 2, which shows the Terminator’s head-up display, inspired Starner’s later work.

“He spent the next half hour convincing the people on Athena that, yes … he was one of those guys you see wandering around with a display on.”

What can wearable computing do that can’t be done with current mobile devices?

“This is what Larry Page said to me very early on with Project Glass,” Starner said. “[We’re] reducing the time between intention and action. I found a lot of studies that showed access time to your smartphone was really the barrier to use.”

Starner explains, by example, that people who still use wristwatches “have relegated time to their wrist.” So, Starner’s hope for Project Glass is that everyday tasks – “like, say, checking the weather, or seeing an SMS, or email” will become as accessible and easy as looking at a wristwatch.

Google’s first trial round of 2,000 Glass users recently picked up their new tech, and the 8,000 winners of Google’s recent “How I’d Use Glass” contest have earned the chance to participate in the Glass Explorer program. Keep your eyes peeled for nascent cyborgs in the wild.

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Like any engineer who has sat in traffic, Gregor Hanuschak MBA ’08 has dreamt of ways to ease the car-commuter’s diurnal ordeal in major cities.

While earning his degree at Sloan, another master’s at Stanford, or in his work for Lockheed Martin and NASA in California and Washington, DC, Hanuschak has sat in plenty of traffic jams.

Even though studying traffic patterns and public transportation solutions are worthy pursuits, Hanuschak wants to relieve drivers’ stress with song—percussion, to be exact.

Smack Attack

The Smack Attack steering wheel drum set. Photo: Gregor Hanuschak.

Launched in April, Hanuschak’s Smack Attack project Reinventing the Wheel aims to do even more for drivers than just cure boredom. A “drum set for your steering wheel,” Smack Attack claims to be a remedy for zoned-out drivers.

The device is easy to use: wrap the flexible drum pad around your steering wheel, plug into your phone’s music library (or use a wireless FM transmitter) and start drumming along.

“Experiencing highway hypnosis firsthand while driving across the US inspired me to design something to fight it and keep drivers alert,” writes Hanuschak on his Kickstarter page. “Sleep researchers are finding the best way to fight highway hypnosis is through auditory or tactile stimulation… and this product provides both!”

The project has drawn the attention of the Discovery Channel, Wired, and dozens of other media outlets. Hanuschak has already raised more than $10,000 for the combination device/app concept.

Hanuschak will put his studies in music, computer engineering, and business to practice as he develops and markets the product this year. He has produced the code for the Smack Attack’s smartphone app, produced music and videos to promote the device, and created a community portal on his website for users to share drum sounds and songs.

“Right now I’m trying to bring my costs down,” Hanuschak said earlier this week, “so I’m now learning from the experts. I’m working with the MIT Venture Mentoring Service for advice on this and entrepreneurial advice in general.”

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Photo: Emily Muldoon Kathan

Photo: Emily Muldoon Kathan

More than 200 MIT community members armed with LED-enhanced umbrellas took to MIT’s Jack Barry Field on Sunday, May 19, 2013, for “UP: The Umbrella Project,” a collaboration between the MIT CSAIL Lab and the Pilobolus dance troupe.

Photo: Emily Muldoon Kathan

Photo: Emily Muldoon Kathan

During the UP live performance, each participant was provided with an umbrella equipped with red, green, and blue lights. Each participant used a CSAIL-designed controller to manually change the umbrella’s color throughout the performance and—guided by Pilobolus—walked throughout the field and created what CSAIL called “an ever-changing display of live art.”

Photo: Emily Muldoon Kathan

Photo: Emily Muldoon Kathan

Photo: Emily Muldoon Kathan

A roving camera was located above the participants and images from the camera were projected onto a large inflatable screen. (Check out the Boston Globe’s video coverage of UP.)

Photo: Emily Muldoon Kathan

Photo: Emily Muldoon Kathan

Kyle Gilpen '06, MNG '06, PhD '12, a CSAIL post-doctoral associate, says that lab’s research goal is to monitor the "human-robot dance" and match the umbrellas’ robotic algorithms with the behavior of the attendees.

From CSAIL:

"Our work deals with developing algorithms that allow robots to operate independently within a large decentralized network so that the robots can coordinate and work together to accomplish a common task. Through UP, we can study the behaviors of large groups, which can be applied to our research in robotics."

Slice_pic_3

Photo: Emily Muldoon Kathan

UP marked CSAIL's second collaboration with Pilobolus, a renowned dance collaborative that has performed on the Academy Awards, Oprah Winfrey, and Late Night with Conan O'Brien. In 2012, the groups created Seraph, a performance piece involving human dancers and live robots.

Photo: Emily Muldoon Kathan

Photo: Emily Muldoon Kathan

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Alison Wong ’03 spent several weeks last year working on a missile defense system for thwarting rocket attacks.

Wong also designed methods to disengage car engines as they approached military checkpoints, one-person shelters capable of withstanding fire and extreme winds, and contraptions to prevent explosions in colliding vehicles.

Alison Wong '03. Photo: Discovery Channel.

Alison Wong ’03. Photo: Discovery Channel.

Wong did all this on the set of the Discovery Channel’s Big Brain Theory, a reality TV show that premiered in April and that will continue its run this spring on Wednesday nights.

Wong is one of ten contestants on the reality show and one of its two female stars.

After answering a casting call a year ago for the new show, which is hosted by Kal Penn of Harold and Kumar fame, Wong flew to Los Angeles for the full-immersion reality TV program. There, she lived with other contestants in a community house while solving those puzzling challenges and the occasional interpersonal dramas native to the medium of reality TV. The show’s top prize is $50,000 and a one-year contract at a top design firm.

Wong jumped at the opportunity to combine her passions in design and engineering. “Engineering is a team sport and this show is about teamwork,” she says.

At MIT, Wong majored in mechanical engineering with an architecture minor in the early years of course 2-A. She penned two regular comic strips for The Tech and did UROPs with David R. Wallace and the Media Lab.

A designer at heart, Wong pursued a master’s in design at Stanford and spent five years at IDEO as a principal designer. In 2010 she launched her own firm, Integral Design. She is currently working on bringing Keyprop, a key-ring tripod for smartphones, to market.

On Big Brain Theory’s first episode, contestants focused on the colliding-vehicle conundrum, with Wong leading efforts in the design and blueprint phase to keep an explosive box on the back of a pickup truck from reaching 25 g.

“The Discovery Channel makes quality shows, and I’m proud of them for taking a risk on promoting a show like this,” Wong says. “There’s nothing like it on TV. I’m honored to be among them.”

Wong got the full Hollywood treatment last month. Discovery hosted a red-carpet premiere for the show’s cast at design firm WET’s headquarters in LA.

Though Wong doesn’t rule out future roles on screen, her focus remains on her design career and using this experience to inspire others.

“I’m open to a lot of things, but I’m mostly trying to leverage this to inspire girls,” she says. “I just talked at a local school and showed students some of my 3D prints and products. I want to lead by example and show them that math and science can be really creative industries.”

To judge the contestants’ efforts in the first episode of Big Brain Theory, Discovery brought in another alum—astronaut Michael Massimino ME ’88—who critiqued Wong’s design and participated in the elimination vote at the end of the show.

Rest assured, he did not vote Wong off.

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My doctor told me recently to stop running. He said my knees, like most human knees, have had enough of high-impact exercise after twenty years of road races.

He’s the third doctor to tell me so. Maybe this time it will sink in. In a small, perhaps completely incomparable way, I’ve felt the same zeal to overcome the body’s limitations that those who have endured paralysis, severe arthritis, or amputations experience. We all have that need to mend, overcome the pain, and return to the challenge.

Hugh Herr SM '93. Photo: Webb Chappell.

Hugh Herr SM ’93. Photo: Webb Chappell.

So when I heard interviews with victims of the Boston Marathon bombing in the past few weeks, who, despite severe injury and amputation, vowed to run the race again, I nodded my head. I understood.

MIT Media Lab Associate Professor Hugh Herr SM ’93 heard the same declarations coming from bombing victims this month. He, too, understood.

But Herr, himself a double amputee, is in a unique place to help. Partnering with No Barriers USA, Herr and his Biomechatronics Research Group intend to support any marathoner who, despite severe injury or limb loss as a result of the bombings, aims to run again next year.

No Barriers, a nationwide nonprofit with a goal of improving lives through assistive technology, launched the No Barriers for Boston fund on April 26. It hopes to raise $500,000 to support investments in sport-specific prosthetic limbs to help survivors run, bike, swim, or otherwise compete athletically again.

“Assistive technology makes a profound impact on the lives of people struggling with physical disability,” Herr wrote in a May 3 post on a Wall Street Journal blog. “It created a passion in me for science and engineering that has since defined my career.”

Herr’s award-winning team focuses on creating “intimate extensions of the human body” that react with ease to the nervous system’s electromechanical commands as fluidly as natural limbs. With fourteen patents relating to the field of bionics, Herr hopes to make an array of such advanced prosthetics commercially available and affordable.

What about knees like mine? In a New York Times interview last week, Herr speculated that someday, “smart” pants that act like a second skin on one’s legs might make running a painless, lifelong pursuit.  My joints like the sound of that.

An avid athlete himself, Herr says he intends to run alongside his fellow amputees in next year’s Boston Marathon.

“We will participate as a beautifully defiant statement to the world that we the people will not be intimidated, brought down, diminished, conquered or stopped by acts of violence,” he writes.

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The Local Warming installation above the door leading to Lobby 7.

The Local Warming installation above the door leading to Lobby 7.

Walking up the steps to 77 Mass. Ave. on the evening of April 4, I encountered three strange circles above the doorway. Two were mirrored, one was glowing. At first I thought it was an elaborate hack, but it turns out it was part of an energy conservation research project called Local Warming by the Senseable City Lab.

The concept is brilliantly simple: rather than heating vast, often unoccupied (or sparsely occupied) rooms in buildings, target the people who need the heat. The local warming device is an infrared energy beam directed by a sophisticated motion sensor. To engage it, you step on a pair of footprints on a carpet, then the beam follows you around.

Rendering of how the Local Warming device works.

Says the research project’s website: “While over time there has been improved retention of pervasive heating through developments in materials and construction, we believe a fundamental shift in climate control strategy towards occupant-localized heating will achieve an order of magnitude improvement in heating efficiency.”

Watch some footage of the Local Warming project in action below.

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It’s an exciting time to be Thad Starner ’91, SM ’95, PhD ’99.

For over twenty years, Starner has been one of only a handful of pioneers to go where no humans have gone before, sporting a wearable computer in front of his eye.

Google Glass, due to be released in late 2013.

Google Glass, due to be released in late 2013. Photo: Google.

Later this year, Starner is about to have a lot of company. With the launch of Google Glass sometime in late 2013, Starner’s 20-year beta test will end.

In late February, a group of Google Explorers,  who essentially won the right to be early adopters, started seeing their world as Starner does, through a computer screen.

Starner designed and modified his own version over the years; Google’s first customers paid $1,500 for the off-the-shelf version that Starner helped design. Google Glass strives to contain everything in one device: microphone, camera, CPU and a mini-projector that will flash calendar reminders, text messages, directions and whatever else you wish it to onto a half-inch transparent area of one lens.

Serving as Technical Lead/Manager for Google alongside some former classmates, Starner has given talks on wearable computing for some time. He is quick to note, however, that we have all used wearable computers—in the form of heart-rate monitors, wristwatches and, of course, cell phones.

Long before there was industry research and symposia on the topic of wearable computers, Starner roamed the streets of Cambridge with his early model, exploring the intersections of virtual and real worlds—while crossing back and forth over a very real Mass Ave.

glass2

A typical view from a Google Glass headset. Photo: Google.

“We really believe that there’s much more convenient ways of having a computer augment your life than to take a phone out of your pocket,” Starner said in an interview this month. With a wearable computer, he says, “You get really good at using 30-second chunks of time.”

Aside from Google Glass, Starner’s lab at Georgia Tech, where he is director of the Contextual Computing Group, works on other types of wearable computing, like a glove with finger pulsations that can teach you to play Beethoven while you multitask. That glove also does wonders for stroke victims, Starner learned.

Clearly, wearable computing can make such profound impacts in people’s lives. Until then, Starner will have to be patient, fielding all the controversial questions about privacy and copyright and identity when the world puts on its glasses for the first time.

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The Xlerator hand dryer.Have you noticed how hand dryers in public bathrooms have gotten more high tech lately? Super concentrated bursts of dry air that promise to work quickly and actually are noticeably faster than their predecessors? You can thank three MITers for that: Sol Aisenberg PhD ’57; George Freedman ’43; and Richard Pavelle, who was on the research staffs at MIT’s Laboratory for Computer Science and Lincoln Lab.

They are three of the four scientists at Invent Resources, Inc. (IRI), a company they cofounded during their retirements to create inventions on demand. Together, the four IRI scientists have expertise in just about every scientific discipline that would be useful for invention. Their “fields of competency” list includes cryogenics, general relativity, energy conversion, plasma physics, advanced materials, novel chemical processes, and medical technology, among scores more.

Before retiring, Aisenberg led the high-tech divisions of several Fortune 500 companies and pioneered ion-assisted deposition and demonstration of hydrogen-free artificial diamond film materials.

Freedman founded and was director of Raytheon’s New Products Center. One team he led produced the world’s first samarium cobalt magnets that were stronger than those that could be measured at the National Magnet Lab at MIT and were later used in Patriot missiles and tools used in space.

Pavelle patented the credit card calculator, golf-club faces that expanded the sweet spot and are now industry standard, and an electrochemical process that reduces charging times for batteries.

And then they took on commercial hand dryers, discovering that the previous models wasted 90 percent of the energy going into them. In this case, IRI had already unsuccessfully pitched their idea for a faster hand dryer to industry leader World Dryer. But Excel Dryer of East Longmeadow, Mass., a small family owned company, hired them to create a product people would actually want to use.

IRI scientists were  shooting for 10 seconds of drying time—down from 30–40 seconds, but after three-and-a-half years of work got it down to 12, which is now the standard. Excel owner Denis Gagnon was so certain the engineering team at IRI had created a revolutionary product that he risked his life savings: he borrowed against his home and life insurance, drained his bank accounts, and took loans from friends and relatives.

The resulting product was the Xlerator, the first revamped hand dryer to hit the market. Others have since followed, like the Dyson Airblade that you stick your arms into.

According to an interview with NPR, Excel’s sales have risen more than 10 percent every year for the past decade. And there’s room for growth. Data suggest that there are 25 million public bathrooms nationwide not using automatic hand dryers, even though a basic-model Xlerator costs $400, offers 95 percent cost savings over paper towels, and has a significantly smaller carbon footprint.

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