What if you could deliver power to villages after a tsunami or earthquake by shooting lasers from a drone? Or circulate small drones above a festival site so people could recharge their cell phone batteries from them?

View from the Top - Seattle panelists

Panelists react to a question from moderator John Castle, right.

Four MIT alumni posed these questions, and several others, to each other and to over 100 attendees at last week’s View from the Top event, held at Seattle’s Pacific Science Center.

The June 13 panel brought together five alumni from different decades and disciplines for “Reinventing the World,” a conversation about their work with technology and its delivery around the world.

Asking those tough questions about lasers was Thomas Nugent SM ’99, founder of LaserMotive, who won a 2009 NASA competition to deliver power wirelessly to robotic vehicles. Margaret Orth SM ’93, PhD ’01, founder of International Fashion Machines, presented some of her work that integrated fashion and wearable technology. Cliff Schmidt ’93 displayed the Talking Book that he developed as founder and head of Literacy Bridge, which delivers basic educational technology to developing communities. Yun-Ling Wong ’04, a senior program officer at the Gates Foundation, addressed the challenges of mediating the demands of both developed and developing countries in finding solutions to global problems.

John Castle ’61, ScD ’64, a lecturer in entrepreneurship at the University of Washington, moderated the discussion, organized by MIT’s Office of Alumni Education.

The Seattle event gave attendees, who ranged from veteran Puget Sound Club members to young alums to prospective students and friends, a lively discussion among four professionals who are passionate about what they do. It also offered attendees ample time for questions, whether during the cocktail hour beforehand, the panel itself, or the desert reception afterward.

Even the panelists took turns reflecting on each other’s work.

After hearing from Nugent and narrating her own journey through wearable computing  via an IMAX screen in the theater, Maggie Orth described her new ideas on technological minimalism. “I am from MIT, so I am not a Luddite,” she said. “It’s not necessarily less technology that I want, but smarter technology.”

After hearing about Schmidt’s Talking Book, which has improved health and agriculture benchmarks for illiterate populations in Ghana by as much as 100%, Ling Wong explained just how hard such a project is for ambitious non-profits in the United States who want to affect the world.

“All lives have equal value, and technology can help us get there, but how we actually save lives is much more complicated,” said Wong. “Technology [can’t work] without advocacy, without government support, and without understanding a culture…the problems we’re trying to solve are hard ones…and it takes many sorts of people to make this happen.”

Castle, who introduced each panelist, remarked how all four alumni have essentially sought to answer one question through their work: How can technology change people’s behavior?

“For them, it’s not just about the technology, it’s about all of the things technology does and how it affects people in one way or another. Technology influences people’s choices, but in some ways it can push them in directions they may not want to go.”

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rainProfessor Patrick Henry Winston ’65, SM ’67, PhD ’70

It was a year with a hurricane up front and a deluge at the end. I asked a lot of graduating students if the ceremony should have been moved inside. One student, a typical one, said with steel in his eye, “Are you kidding, it’s was part of the MIT experience.” I saw the point. After surviving humiliating exams, endless problem sets, projects that wouldn’t get done, and countless all nighters, a downpour on commencement just added a bit of zest.

Anyway, President Reif’s speech was not to be missed. He was cosmic, talking about the whole of life, not just the next few years.  He noted that it is a great privilege to be at MIT, not a right, and that with privilege comes the obligation to do something meaningful with the experience:

I am certain that, no matter what I say, you will take on important problems. I am certain that each of you will, in your own way, honor the great privilege we all share in being here.

And I am certain you will use what you have learned—in your labs and classrooms, in your living groups, on the playing fields, in your activities, and in late-night conversations with friends—I am certain you will use what you have learned here to make the world a better place.

Stirring words, I think. They make me want to stay up late tonight, as I generally do, trying to develop a computational account of human intelligence, which I think will eventually make the world a better place.

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MIT President Jerome Bert Wiesner at commencement in the 1970s. (© Owen Franken).

MIT President Jerome Bert Wiesner at commencement in the 1970s. (© Owen Franken).

Curious about Owen Franken? View more of his work via the Franken Photo of the Week category, learn more in this profile, read a What Matters opinion column he wrote called “Life in Brownian Motion,” or visit his website.

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John P. Kotter

John P. Kotter ’68 SM ’70

If you asked Professor John P. Kotter ’68, SM ’70 about his personal hero, he wouldn’t hesitate: Nelson Mandela. Kotter opened his keynote speech at the Association of Independent Living Groups (AILG) Annual Meeting by describing Mandela’s impact as a leader; Kotter credited that success in part to Mandela’s close friendship and collaboration with his political mentor, Walter Sisulu.

Kotter’s emphasis on the importance of mentoring future leaders fit the atmosphere of the AILG event, at which alumni belonging to MIT fraternities and sororities had gathered to discuss their plans for the coming year. The list of initiatives for the meeting included items like “provide educational guidance for leadership development” and “foster undergraduate mentoring programs”. AILG members often aid current MIT fraternity and sorority members by doing publicity during pledge weeks and by teaching undergrads how best to perform leadership positions with their chapters, like treasurer, vice president, and president.

In his speech, Kotter also fondly recalled his MIT undergraduate years in Sigma Phi Epsilon, emphasizing his hope that the AILG members would find more ways to inspire the younger generation to lead.

leading-change-book-coverKotter, author of international bestseller Leading Change, as well as 16 other books, is an expert on business and leadership. In 1994, he wrote an article for the Harvard Business Review that analyzed why businesses often fail in their attempts to make overarching changes. Kotter noticed eight common errors, such as “allowing too much complacency,” “under-communicating the vision,” and “declaring victory too soon”; he used his observations to craft an 8-step plan for how to better instruct business.

In 2012, Kotter re-released Leading Change with a new preface about how “the speed of change continues to increase”. Modern businesses have had to adapt to new technologies faster and faster each year, and Kotter believes that this makes leadership training all the more invaluable.

“Task forces, ‘work-streams,’ and project management organizations are still the most common vehicles used to drive significant change efforts. These structures can help, but … they simply don’t have sufficient power for an extremely difficult set of tasks,” writes Kotter in the 2012 preface. “Leading change competently is the only answer.”

Kotter’s updated book, Leading Change, can be found on Amazon.com.

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The Twouija: Retweet Oracle (Image: http://tweet.tarikmoon.com)

The Twouija: Retweet Oracle (Image: tweet.tarikmoon.com)

Who’s more influential among their Twitter followers, Barack Obama or Kim Kardashian? You might not want to find out.

While Obama outnumbers Kardashian in total followers, 32.6 million to 17.9 million, research by MIT alumni suggests that Kardashian’s tweets may have a much stronger effect on her social media audience.

A group of researchers that includes MIT Assistant Professor Tauhid Zaman ’04, MEng ’05, PhD ’11 and University of Washington Assistant Professor Emily B. Fox ’04, MEng ’05, EE ’08, PhD ’09 have created a prediction tool that can estimate a person’s rate of being retweeted.

The tool—which the team calls “The Twouija” (rhymes with Ouija)—predicted that an April 15, 2012 Kardashian tweet would generate about 800 retweets in about an hour while an Obama tweet from the same day would generate about 440.

The Twouija predicts the popularity of a tweet shortly after posting. According to the study, most Twitter messages have the same lifespan of newsworthy-ness and a tweet’s popularity can be predicted within the first five minutes.

From “A Bayesian Approach for Predicting the Popularity of Tweets:

We measure the popularity of a tweet by the time-series path of its retweets, which is when people forward the tweet to others. We develop a probabilistic model for the evolution of the retweets using a Bayesian approach, and form predictions using only observations on the retweet times and the local network or ‘graph’ structure of the retweeters.”

Tweets from President Obama, seen here at MIT in 2009, are retweeted hundreds of times within minutes.

Tweets from President Obama, seen here at MIT in 2009, are retweeted hundreds of times within minutes.

The group has showcased their research at a website they call The Twouija: Retweet Oracle, which graphs the timespan of retweets (actual and predicted) from the Twitter messages of 40 well-known personalities such as Seth Meyers, Diddy, and Newt Gingrich. (Hey—where is @mit_alumni?)

Retweets predictions for musicians Will.I.Am and Pitbull were effective, but much like its Ouija namesake, the oracle is not always precise. In one model, it estimated that a tweet from Eva Longoria would be retweeted 254 times within 60 minutes. In reality, it was only retweeted 183 times.While retweet prediction is scientific, it’s also subjective. Much depends on the content of the original tweet.

As Zaman notes in the report, an efficient retweet predictor has serious implications for understanding more about internet virality and how social media revenue models can be better monetized. (In June 2012, Kardashian was paid $10,000 for a tweet about shoedazzle.com.)

Despite Kardashian’s online popularity, she did not have the highest prediction of retweets in the Twouija’s sample. That honors goes to The Rock, whose April 15, 2012 tweet, “Good morning! Enjoy your Sunday. #Faith,” had more than 850 retweets within the first sixty minutes. (The Twouija predicted about 1,000.)

Read the heavily scientific 28-page paper, “A Bayesian Approach for Predicting the Popularity of Tweets,” which also includes research from University of Pennsylvania Professor Eric T. Bradlow, at the Cornell University online library.

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On the slopes of Mt. Karisimbi, a 4,500-meter volcano in northwestern Rwanda, a lone MIT researcher is working this year to add new data to climate change research.

She is Katherine Potter PhD ’11, the principal investigator for the new Rwanda Climate Observatory. Working in the same area where iconic zoologist Dian Fossey studied mountain gorillas a half-century ago, Potter works just as passionately towards her goal: to empower Rwandans in becoming part of climate change research and to get Africa on the climate-change grid.

If Potter is successful, the observatory atop Mt. Karisimbi will join the Advanced Global Atmospheric Gases Experiment (AGAGE), a worldwide program funded in part by NASA and NOAA that captures climate data.

Katherine Potter.

Katherine Potter.

AGAGE began in 1978 and now includes eight observatories around the world that record air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions. It is a leading source of data for measuring progress against the 1987 Montreal Protocol and 1997 Kyoto Protocol benchmarks for carbon emissions.

Until now, Africa has not had an observatory feeding into AGAGE’s experiment. Covering a fifth of the world’s land mass, this is no small piece of lost data.

Potter hopes to fix that. Working for MIT’s Center for Global Change Science, Potter is training future Rwandan scientists, technicians, and academics to collaborate in the world’s efforts to monitor climate change.

Mt. Karisimbi is a perfect place for the observatory, says Potter, who blogs about her progress. “At 4,500 meters, the air reaching the station will come from a large area, getting info from much of Africa and the surrounding oceans,” she says. “Also, it shares a border with Congo and is in the same protected area that continues into Uganda. So this is unifying the East African community in doing climate research.”

Potter’s work is a result of a conversation Rwandan president Paul Kagame began with then president Susan Hockfield in 2008. Kagame was on campus for the Compton Lecture. CGCS director Ronald Prinn ScD ’71 and geophysics professor Maria Zuber have led MIT’s efforts to develop the project since.

The project has inspired other alums, like Jonathan Goldstein ’83. “My wife Kaia Miller Goldstein and I have worked to support both the Rwandan and MIT leadership,” Goldstein says. “It has been exciting to see them collaborate on this worthy project.  We were thrilled to meet [Potter] while in Rwanda recently. She is a real star.”

“I think the real joy for those involved comes from the cultural collaboration, where MIT scientists can really make a difference in the world and the Rwandan people can show the world that they are rapidly advancing as a society,” says Goldstein.

The AGAGE project begins on Mt. Karisimbi. Photo: MIT Atmospheric Chemistry.

The station’s work begins on Mt. Karisimbi. Photo: MIT Atmospheric Chemistry.

MIT is one of ten universities that participate in AGAGE, a venture jointly funded by British, American, and Australian government agencies. AGAGE instruments around the world measure and report on the atmospheric levels of 33 compounds.

Potter is collaborating with the Ministry of Education in Rwanda, which is recruiting top academics and analysts from within its borders to participate. The Rwandan government is also planning to construct an €18-million cable car up Karisimbi, in the hopes that the station becomes a tourist destination, too. Potter estimates that the observatory will be complete and staffed by Rwandan scientists in the next three or four years.

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Artwork by the MIT Glass Lab (Screenshot via MIT News)

Artwork by the MIT Glass Lab (Screenshot via MIT News)

MIT is a few days removed from Commencement and Tech Reunions activities and the campus is noticeably quieter. But if there’s any worry about a lack of Institute events to partake in—fear not!

A great example of summer fare is GlassBoston, a four-day event co-organized by the MIT Glass Lab that begins on Thursday, June 13. The event includes glass-blowing lectures, exhibitions, and workshops featuring MIT faculty and alumni.

The MIT Glass Lab, which is connected with the Department of Materials Science and Engineering, is advised by Professor Michael Cima, whose lecture at the conference, “Shape Matters,” will discuss the unique qualities of glass from a materials science perspective.

Other MIT-related demonstrations at GlassBoston include:

  • Photo: MIT Glass Lab

    Photo: MIT Glass Lab

    “Folding Glass,” which features Professor Erik Demaine and visiting scientist Martin Demaine (both accomplished origami artists), who will discuss their work in the mixed media of paper and glass, their folding glass experiments, and “Virtual Glass,” their open-source software program for glass blowers. (The Demaines will also participate in a demonstration on Friday, June 14.)

  • “CAD and Rapid Prototyping for the Modern Glass Artist,” which features a panel including postdoctoral associate Kenneth Cheung SM ’07, PhD ’12 that will discuss CAD (computer-aided design), prototyping technologies, and associated software.

The conference will also feature demonstrations in the Glass Lab and tours of the MIT Media Lab and its public art collection.


[Watch another video, "MIT Glass Lab: Where art meets science," from the MIT News Office.]

A Glass Lab pumpkin (Photo: MIT News)

A Glass Lab pumpkin (Photo: MIT News)

The Glass Lab, which serves as an extracurricular activity on campus, is located in the basement of the Infinite Corridor. It offers numerous classes and events to the MIT community, including the Transcultural Exchange, a collaborative glass tile project with other universities, and the Great Glass Pumpkin Patch, an annual fall event that showcases more than 1,000 glass-blown pumpkins in the Kresge Oval.

The lab’s 11-person staff includes Cima and four MIT alums: Whitney Cornforth ’01, SM ’01; Chris Laughman ’99, MEng ’01, PhD ’08; Sandy Martin SM ’93; and Michelle Trammel ’89.

In addition to the Glass Lab and Media Lab, GlassBoston’s events will also take place in 10-250, the Bush Room, and the MIT Museum. The conference will also feature demonstrations by accomplished glass artists Rik and Shelley Allen, Pablo Soto, Deborah Czeresko, and Wesley Fleming.

Registration, which is $60, is available on the GlassBoston site and in Lobby 10 between 8 a.m. and noon on June 13. The lectures in room 10-250 are open and free with an MIT identification card.

Bonus: Check out an MIT Glass Lab photo essay by Andrea Silverman ’05.

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You may have seen hundreds of MIT alums sporting bright red jackets over Tech Reunions weekend. Harder to spot were the 1.5% of them also wearing gray scarves. Who were they?

They were women, but not just any women. These seven graduates from the class of 1963 who returned to campus – Frances Dyro, F. Margaret Hickey, Christina Jansen, Patricia Marzilli, Ruth Nelson, Vicki Peterson, and Joyce Wolf – were celebrating their 50th reunion.

Photo: Darren McCollester.

Photo: Darren McCollester.

To honor these distinguished women, the Association of MIT Alumnae hosted a special reception for them on June 6 in the Margaret Cheney Room overlooking Killian Court. There, AMITA president Sze-Wen Kuo ’73 presented each of seven alumnae with gray scarves to complement their red jackets on reunion weekend.

“When you graduated, MIT was 2.9% female,” said Kuo. “You are our forebears. This year, 48% of the graduating class is women.”

Clearly, the stat impressed. But one alum was quick to add, “Let’s have a bigger celebration when it gets to 50.”

Having hit the half-century milestone, the graduates were encouraged to participate in the Margaret MacVicar Memorial Oral History Project at MIT, an invitation extended to them by class of 2007 graduate Jean Choi.

Choi began her work on the project in a UROP for Professor Margery Resnick, who founded the program in 1990, but has continued to interview alumnae in the years since.

“It’s been a very interesting experience,” Choi said, “interviewing these women about their MIT experience and their lives, and transcribing them for the archives. I didn’t realize how much women went through so that I could be here. I’ve learned a lot of history.”

Housed in the Institute Archives and Special Collections, the women’s histories are available for public viewing and are becoming digitized as well. The oldest graduate interviewed comes from the class of 1922. In all, transcripts from over 30 interviews are available.

“We want to fill in the lacunae about women’s participation at MIT,” Professor Resnick said in an interview with the New York Times about the project. “We not only want to do women who have followed their career line as predicted by MIT…but women who have done different things that might be more interesting, but less visible, in terms of their MIT-ness.”

Thursday afternoon’s reception took place in a treasured space for MIT alumnae. The Margaret Cheney Room is named in honor of an 1882 graduate. After Cheney’s untimely death, MIT’s first alumna and Cheney’s instructor, Ellen Swallow Richards, lobbied the Institute to create a space solely for women to congregate, network, and feel at home.

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Paddling in French Polynesia.  (© Owen Franken).

Paddling in French Polynesia.  (© Owen Franken).

Curious about Owen Franken? View more of his work via the Franken Photo of the Week category, learn more in this profile, read a What Matters opinion column he wrote called “Life in Brownian Motion,” or visit his website.

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Dropbox CEO Drew Houston

Drew Houston ’05, co-founder and CEO of Dropbox. Photo: Chad Riley

When Drew Houston ’05 returned to campus today, the founder and CEO of Dropbox shared some tips on how he guided his startup, which aimed to provide free, web-based storage for digital files, into a multi-billion-dollar enterprise.

“What scares me is that both the poker bot [project] and Dropbox started out as distractions,” he told the 10,000-strong Commencement audience. “That little voice in my head was telling me where to go, and the whole time I was telling it to shut up so I could get back to work. Sometimes that little voice knows best.”

He spilled a few tips early: MIT is his intellectual gold mind. He found  Dropbox Chief Technology Officer Arash Ferdowsi, his cofounder, and his first dozen employees among his fellow engineering classmates. The Tech, which covers his MIT studies and early startups, reports that Houston, at 29, is MIT’s youngest Commencement speaker in decades.

“When it came time to build out the team, MIT was the first place that we went,” Houston says in an MIT News article. “The amazing thing about MIT is this unbelievable collection of talent. And one of the most important things you have to do as a company is recognize talent and be able to build the business together.”

Want to watch his talk? See the archived Commencement webcast or follow #MIT2013 for the live tweets.

Got a Minute?

Take a peek at “23 of the Best Pieces of Advice Ever Given to Graduates,” featuring last year’s MIT commencement speaker Sal Khan ’98, MEng ’98, founder of Khan Academy, who recommended, “Live your life like it’s your second chance.”

Get a glimpse of student life and find out what’s next for these members of the Class of 2013 in a six-minute video.

Don’t forget Saturday’s Technology Day faculty talks on the Workings of the Brain. Watch the webcast live from 9 a.m. to 12:45 p.m. EDT or the archived version later. Or catch key points by following the MIT_alumni Twitter feed or #techreunions.

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